Tamil Nadu Urban Local Bodies Act, 1998 (TNULBA, 1998) - Sections 172(3), 172(4); Tamil Nadu Urban Local Bodies Rules, 2023 (TNULBR, 2023) - Rule 388(2); Constitution of India - Articles 17, 21, 243W; Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989.